可变形的图像注册，估计不同图像之间的空间转换，是医学成像中的重要任务。许多先前的研究都使用基于学习的方法进行多阶段注册来执行3D图像注册以提高性能。但是，多阶段方法的性能受到不受单个空间尺度上复杂运动的接收场的大小的限制。我们提出了一个新的注册网络，结合了递归网络体系结构和相互注意机制，以克服这些局限性。与最先进的深度学习方法相比，基于递归结构的我们的网络达到了肺计算机断层扫描（CT）数据集的最高精度（肺部的骰子分数为92 \％，肺平均表面距离为3.8mm ），这是腹部CT数据集中最准确的结果之一，具有9个大小的器官（骰子得分为55 \％，平均表面距离为7.8mm）。我们还表明，添加3个递归网络足以达到最新结果，而没有明显增加推理时间。

Graph is an important data representation which appears in a wide diversity of real-world scenarios. Effective graph analytics provides users a deeper understanding of what is behind the data, and thus can benefit a lot of useful applications such as node classification, node recommendation, link prediction, etc. However, most graph analytics methods suffer the high computation and space cost. Graph embedding is an effective yet efficient way to solve the graph analytics problem. It converts the graph data into a low dimensional space in which the graph structural information and graph properties are maximumly preserved. In this survey, we conduct a comprehensive review of the literature in graph embedding. We first introduce the formal definition of graph embedding as well as the related concepts. After that, we propose two taxonomies of graph embedding which correspond to what challenges exist in different graph embedding problem settings and how the existing work address these challenges in their solutions. Finally, we summarize the applications that graph embedding enables and suggest four promising future research directions in terms of computation efficiency, problem settings, techniques and application scenarios.

Charisma is considered as one's ability to attract and potentially also influence others. Clearly, there can be considerable interest from an artificial intelligence's (AI) perspective to provide it with such skill. Beyond, a plethora of use cases opens up for computational measurement of human charisma, such as for tutoring humans in the acquisition of charisma, mediating human-to-human conversation, or identifying charismatic individuals in big social data. A number of models exist that base charisma on various dimensions, often following the idea that charisma is given if someone could and would help others. Examples include influence (could help) and affability (would help) in scientific studies or power (could help), presence, and warmth (both would help) as a popular concept. Modelling high levels in these dimensions for humanoid robots or virtual agents, seems accomplishable. Beyond, also automatic measurement appears quite feasible with the recent advances in the related fields of Affective Computing and Social Signal Processing. Here, we, thereforem present a blueprint for building machines that can appear charismatic, but also analyse the charisma of others. To this end, we first provide the psychological perspective including different models of charisma and behavioural cues of it. We then switch to conversational charisma in spoken language as an exemplary modality that is essential for human-human and human-computer conversations. The computational perspective then deals with the recognition and generation of charismatic behaviour by AI. This includes an overview of the state of play in the field and the aforementioned blueprint. We then name exemplary use cases of computational charismatic skills before switching to ethical aspects and concluding this overview and perspective on building charisma-enabled AI.

The number of international benchmarking competitions is steadily increasing in various fields of machine learning (ML) research and practice. So far, however, little is known about the common practice as well as bottlenecks faced by the community in tackling the research questions posed. To shed light on the status quo of algorithm development in the specific field of biomedical imaging analysis, we designed an international survey that was issued to all participants of challenges conducted in conjunction with the IEEE ISBI 2021 and MICCAI 2021 conferences (80 competitions in total). The survey covered participants' expertise and working environments, their chosen strategies, as well as algorithm characteristics. A median of 72% challenge participants took part in the survey. According to our results, knowledge exchange was the primary incentive (70%) for participation, while the reception of prize money played only a minor role (16%). While a median of 80 working hours was spent on method development, a large portion of participants stated that they did not have enough time for method development (32%). 25% perceived the infrastructure to be a bottleneck. Overall, 94% of all solutions were deep learning-based. Of these, 84% were based on standard architectures. 43% of the respondents reported that the data samples (e.g., images) were too large to be processed at once. This was most commonly addressed by patch-based training (69%), downsampling (37%), and solving 3D analysis tasks as a series of 2D tasks. K-fold cross-validation on the training set was performed by only 37% of the participants and only 50% of the participants performed ensembling based on multiple identical models (61%) or heterogeneous models (39%). 48% of the respondents applied postprocessing steps.

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a complication of diabetes, and one of the major causes of vision impairment in the global population. As the early-stage manifestation of DR is usually very mild and hard to detect, an accurate diagnosis via eye-screening is clinically important to prevent vision loss at later stages. In this work, we propose an ensemble method to automatically grade DR using ultra-wide optical coherence tomography angiography (UW-OCTA) images available from Diabetic Retinopathy Analysis Challenge (DRAC) 2022. First, we adopt the state-of-the-art classification networks, i.e., ResNet, DenseNet, EfficientNet, and VGG, and train them to grade UW-OCTA images with different splits of the available dataset. Ultimately, we obtain 25 models, of which, the top 16 models are selected and ensembled to generate the final predictions. During the training process, we also investigate the multi-task learning strategy, and add an auxiliary classification task, the Image Quality Assessment, to improve the model performance. Our final ensemble model achieved a quadratic weighted kappa (QWK) of 0.9346 and an Area Under Curve (AUC) of 0.9766 on the internal testing dataset, and the QWK of 0.839 and the AUC of 0.8978 on the DRAC challenge testing dataset.

深度强化学习（DRL）是一种仅从演示和经验中学习机器人控制政策的有前途的方法。为了涵盖机器人的整个动态行为，DRL训练是通常在仿真环境中得出的主动探索过程。尽管这种模拟培训廉价且快速，但将DRL算法应用于现实世界的设置很困难。如果对代理进行训练直到它们在模拟中安全执行，则由于模拟动力学和物理机器人之间的差异引起的SIM到真实差距，将其传输到物理系统很困难。在本文中，我们提出了一种在线培训DRL代理的方法，可以使用基于模型的安全主管在实体车辆上自动驾驶。我们的解决方案使用监督系统检查代理选择的操作是安全还是不安全，并确保在车辆上始终采取安全措施。这样，我们可以在安全，快速，有效地训练DRL算法的同时绕过SIM到现实的问题。我们提供各种现实世界实验，在线培训一辆小型实体车辆，可以自动驾驶，没有事先模拟培训。评估结果表明，我们的方法在未崩溃的同时提高了样品效率的训练代理，并且受过训练的代理比在模拟中训练的代理表现出更好的驾驶性能。

声乐爆发在交流情感中起着重要的作用，使它们对于改善语音情感识别很有价值。在这里，我们介绍了我们在ACII情感声乐爆发工作室和挑战2022（A-VB）中预测声音爆发并预测其情感意义的方法。我们使用大型的自我监督音频模型作为共享的功能提取器，并比较在分类器链和注意力网络上构建的多个体系结构，并结合不确定性减少减肥策略。我们的方法超过了所有四个任务的挑战基线。

我们提出了一种新型的动态约束不确定性加权损失，以实验处理平衡多个任务对ICML EXVO 2022挑战的贡献的问题。多任务旨在共同认识到声乐爆发中表达的情绪和人口特征。我们的策略结合了不确定性重量和平均动态重量的优势，通过用约束术语扩展权重以使学习过程更具解释。我们使用轻巧的多EXIT CNN体系结构来实施我们提出的损失方法。实验性H-均值得分（0.394）显示出比基线H均值得分的显着改善（0.335）。

深度卷积神经网络（CNN）已被广泛用于各种医学成像任务。但是，由于卷积操作的内在局部性，CNN通常不能很好地对远距离依赖性进行建模，这对于准确识别或映射从未注册的多个乳房X线照片计算出的相应乳腺病变特征很重要。这促使我们利用多视觉视觉变形金刚的结构来捕获一项检查中同一患者的多个乳房X线照片的远程关系。为此，我们采用局部变压器块来分别学习从两侧（右/左）乳房的两视图（CC/MLO）获得的四个乳房X线照片中。来自不同视图和侧面的输出被串联并馈入全球变压器块，以共同学习四个代表左乳房和右乳房两种不同视图的图像之间的贴片关系。为了评估提出的模型，我们回顾性地组装了一个涉及949套乳房X线照片的数据集，其中包括470例恶性病例和479例正常情况或良性病例。我们使用五倍的交叉验证方法训练和评估了模型。没有任何艰苦的预处理步骤（例如，最佳的窗户裁剪，胸壁或胸肌去除，两视图图像注册等），我们的四个图像（两视频两侧）基于变压器的模型可实现案例分类性能在ROC曲线下的面积（AUC = 0.818），该区域的表现明显优于AUC = 0.784，而最先进的多视图CNN（p = 0.009）实现了0.784。它还胜过两个单方面模型，分别达到0.724（CC视图）和0.769（MLO视图）。该研究表明，使用变压器开发出高性能的计算机辅助诊断方案，这些方案结合了四个乳房X线照片。

语言模型既展示了定量的改进，又展示了新的定性功能，随着规模的增加。尽管它们具有潜在的变革性影响，但这些新能力的特征却很差。为了为未来的研究提供信息，为破坏性的新模型能力做准备，并改善社会有害的效果，至关重要的是，我们必须了解目前和近乎未来的能力和语言模型的局限性。为了应对这一挑战，我们介绍了超越模仿游戏基准（Big Bench）。 Big Bench目前由204个任务组成，由132家机构的442位作者贡献。任务主题是多样的，从语言学，儿童发展，数学，常识性推理，生物学，物理学，社会偏见，软件开发等等。 Big-Bench专注于被认为超出当前语言模型的功能的任务。我们评估了OpenAI的GPT型号，Google内部密集变压器体系结构和大型基础上的开关稀疏变压器的行为，跨越了数百万到数十亿个参数。此外，一个人类专家评估者团队执行了所有任务，以提供强大的基准。研究结果包括：模型性能和校准都随规模改善，但绝对的术语（以及与评估者的性能相比）；在模型类中的性能非常相似，尽管带有稀疏性。逐渐和预测的任务通常涉及大量知识或记忆成分，而在临界规模上表现出“突破性”行为的任务通常涉及多个步骤或组成部分或脆性指标；社交偏见通常会随着含糊不清的环境而随着规模而增加，但这可以通过提示来改善。